Multimodal prehabilitation to improve the clinical outcomes of frail elderly patients with gastric cancer: a study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial (GISSG+2201).

INTRODUCTION: Gastric cancer (GC) diagnosed in the elderly population has become a serious public health problem worldwide. Given the combined effects of frailty and the consequences of cancer treatment, older individuals with GC are more likely than young patients to suffer from postoperative complications and poor clinical outcomes. Nutrition, functional capacity and psychological state-based multimodal prehabilitation, which is dominated by Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathway management, has been shown to reduce postoperative complications, promote functional recovery and decrease hospitalisation time in certain malignancies. However, no previous studies have investigated the clinical application of multimodal prehabilitation in frail older patients with GC. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study is a prospective, multicentre randomised controlled trial in which a total of 368 participants who meet the inclusion criteria will be randomised into either a prehabilitation group or an ERAS group. The prehabilitation group will receive multimodal prehabilitation combined with ERAS at least 2 weeks before the gastrectomy is performed, including physical and respiratory training, nutritional support, and therapy and psychosocial treatment. The ERAS group patients will be treated according to the ERAS pathway. All interventions will be supervised by family members. The primary outcome measures are the incidence and severity of postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes include survival, functional capacity and other short-term postoperative outcomes. Overall, the multimodal prehabilitation protocol may improve functional capacity, reduce the surgical stress response and concomitant systemic inflammation, and potentially modulate the tumour microenvironment to improve short-term and long-term clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: All procedures and participating centres of this study were approved by their respective ethics committees (QYFYKYLL 916111920). The final study results will be published separately in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05352802.

Cleavage of AUF1 by Coxsackievirus B Affects DDX5 Regulatory on Viral Replication through iTRAQ Proteomics Analysis.

Coxsackievirus B (CVB) 3C protease (3Cpro) plays a specific cleavage role on AU-rich binding factor (AUF1, also called hnRNP D), which consequently disputes the regulation of AUF1 on downstream molecules. In our study, the iTRAQ approach was first used to quantify the differentially expressed cellular proteins in AUF1-overexpressing HeLa cells, which provides straightforward insight into the role of AUF1 during viral infection. A total of 1,290 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including 882 upregulated and 408 downregulated proteins, were identified. The DEPs are involved in a variety of cellular processes via GO terms, protein-protein interactions, and a series of further bioinformatics analyses. Among the DEPs, some demonstrated important roles in cellular metabolism. In particular, DDX5 was further verified to be negatively regulated by AUF1 and increased in CVB-infected cells, which in turn promoted CVB replication. These findings provide potential novel ideas for exploring new antiviral therapy targets.

Clinical Significance of ß-Lactamase Expression in Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has seriously endangered human health. Despite significant advances in clinical treatment of CRC in recent years, clinically effective treatment options for CRC patients remain rare. Therefore, reducing the incidence and mortality of CRC is still a worldwide concern. This study aims to explore the clinical significance of lactamase beta (LACTB)-like expression in CRC tissues. Materials and Methods: The expression of LACTB in CRC tissues and adjacent tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas database was analyzed and the analysis results were verified by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between the expression level of LACTB and pathological factors and prognosis was analyzed. Results: There was statistical difference in the expression of LACTB in CRC tissues and adjacent tissues (p < 0.01). The expression of LACTB in CRC tissues was correlated with clinical stage (p < 0.01). The expression of LACTB in CRC patients with lymph node metastasis was significantly lower than that in CRC patients without lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01). Low expression of LACTB contributed to the poor prognosis of CRC patients. The 5-year survival rate of CRC patients with low LACTB expression was significantly lower than that of CRC patients with high LACTB expression (p = 0.010, p = 0.047). Conclusions: The expression of LACTB in CRC tissues was significantly lower than that in normal tissues, and it was significantly correlated with clinical prognosis, suggesting that LACTB could inhibit the CRC invasion and metastasis. This indicated to some extent that LACTB could be used as a prognostic marker and a new therapeutic target for CRC.

Synthesis of Bi2S3 thin films based on pulse-plating bismuth nanocrystallines and its photoelectrochemical properties.

The solubility of Bi3+ in aqueous solution is an important factor that limits the fabrication of high-quality Bi2S3 thin films. In order to find a low-cost method to manufacture high-quality Bi2S3 thin films, we are reporting the preparation of the Bi2S3 thin films based on pulse-plating method in this paper for the first time. The nano-bismuth particles were obtained by electroplating on fluorine-doped SnO2 (FTO)-coated conducting glass substrates with saturated bismuth potassium citrate solution as the electroplating bath, and then it was put into a muffle furnace to oxidize. Finally, the thin films depositing on FTO glass substrates were put into the thioacetamide solution for vulcanization. In the end, the Bi2S3 thin films were successfully prepared on FTO glass substrates. Different characterization techniques were used to characterize the structure, morphology and photoelectrochemical properties of the prepared thin films. The test results revealed that we used this method to synthesize the high-quality Bi2S3 thin films, thus the Bi2S3 materials synthesized through this method are promising candidates in photoelectrochemical application.

SNHG14 stimulates cell autophagy to facilitate cisplatin resistance of colorectal cancer by regulating miR-186/ATG14 axis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor with a high incidence and death rate in the world. Molecular interactions inside cells or tissues during tumor occurrence, development, and drug resistance are important for disease prevention and treatment. The long non-coding RNA SNHG14 has been proven to exert its oncogenic function in multiple cancers. However, there is no study regarding the role of SNHG14 in CRC research. In the present study, we applied RT-qPCR and western blot to determine the gene expression levels. MTT and TUNEL assays were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis rate. Cell migration and invasion abilities were determined by wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. StarBase was used to predict the potential binding sites and luciferase reporter assay was applied to confirm the direct interactions. Besides, we conducted a xenograft experiment to detect tumor growth rate in vivo. Our results showed that SNHG14 and ATG14 were both significantly higher in CRC tumor tissues than the normal ones, while miR-186 was decreased. The similar results were also observed in CRC cell lines. We confirmed that SNHG14 could directly interact with miR-186 and inhibited its expression. Meanwhile, miR-186 could directly bind ATG14 to inhibit its expression level. In vitro experiments showed that higher expression of SNHG14 led to higher cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while miR-186 significantly inhibited these tumor phenotypes. Furthermore, overexpression of ATG14 could strongly recover the CRC phenotypes attenuated by shSNHG14 or miR-186 mimics. Interestingly, we constructed cisplatin-resistant CRC cells and found that overexpression of ATG14 significantly enhanced the cell proliferation rate and inhibited cell apoptosis. Our research indicated that the novel axis of SNHG14/miR-186/ATG14 could play a vital role in regulating CRC cell progression. Moreover, this axis showed its clinical potential in regulating cisplatin resistance during CRC treatment.

Correlations between papillary thyroid cancer and peripheral blood levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between the presence of metalloproteinases and thyroid cancer remains unknown, and many controversies still exist in this field. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlations between papillary thyroid cancer and peripheral blood levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2. METHODS: The correlations were studied by detecting the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in the peripheral blood of 30 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, 27 patients with benign thyroid disease, and 25 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 in the peripheral blood of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma were significantly higher than those in the peripheral blood of patients with benign thyroid disease and healthy volunteers (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between patients with benign thyroid disease and healthy volunteers (P > 0.05). The accuracy of detection by both enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in the papillary thyroid cancer group was 83.33%. CONCLUSIONS: The levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 in the peripheral blood are helpful in identifying thyroid carcinoma and aid in preoperative assessment.